FCCC/CP/2021/12/Add.1
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(i) Thematic distribution
22. Overall, needs related to adaptation are mentioned more often than those related to
mitigation in all report types except BURs and LEDS, indicating greater attention to
supporting developing countries’ expressed adaptation needs. For example, as shown in
figure 2, NDCs included 1,991 needs for adaptation and 1,956 for mitigation.
(ii) Regional distribution
23. When the number of expressed needs across the nine national report types is
considered, developing country Parties in the Africa and Asia-Pacific regions identified
comparable numbers of needs across the national reports with broad thematic and sectoral
coverage such as BURs, NCs and NDCs, comparable with the Latin America and Caribbean
region only in the case of BURs (see figure 2, section 2.2). Developing country Parties in the
Asia-Pacific region used NAPs and TAPs to further specify adaptation needs, as more than
half of the needs identified in NAPs and TAPs were from this region. Developing country
Parties in the Latin America and Caribbean, and Eastern European regions expressed more
needs in their NCs than in other national reports. Latin American and Caribbean Parties
expressed a considerable number of adaptation needs in adaptation-specific national reports
(e.g. ACs and NAPs) when compared with the overall number of needs expressed in their
BURs and NDCs. Developing country Parties in the African region expressed more needs
through TNAs compared with other regions, reporting 993 needs compared with the 642
needs identified by Parties in the Asia-Pacific region.
(iii) Distribution by means of implementation
24. Qualitative data show a significant prevalence of capacity-building and technology
development and transfer needs, which may in part be due to the resources developing
countries can access to support the identification of these needs. The number of capacity-
building needs is higher than finance needs and technology development and transfer needs
identified in the nine national report types except for TNAs (see figure 2, section 2.3).
Capacity-building needs expressed across the national reports typically cover areas such as
research, training and education, awareness-raising, institutional strengthening and
coordination, and policy development.
(iv) Sectoral and subsectoral distribution
25. On the basis of the number of mitigation needs expressed across the nine national
report types, energy is the lead sector for climate change mitigation actions, followed by land
use and forestry, transport, agriculture, and waste and sanitation (see figure 3, section 3.1).
26. When considering mitigation needs by sector and subsector, the nine types of national
report show that most needs in the energy sector relate to requests for support for the energy
efficiency and renewable energy subsectors, albeit with some variation between them. In
NDCs, needs for renewable energy development were identified almost twice as frequently
as those for energy efficiency (399 and 261, respectively) but the total nominal value of
energy efficiency projects was 1.5 times larger than that of renewable energy projects
(USD 377.22 billion and USD 198.08 billion, respectively). In BURs and NCs, more needs
related to renewable energy than to energy efficiency were identified. TNAs included a larger
variation among energy subsectors, including the development of natural gas, the phasing-
out of inefficient subsidies, the exploration of carbon capture and storage, and the
development of the efficient use of coal.
27. The majority of expressed mitigation needs in the land-use and forestry sector
represented a few densely forested countries, such as Bhutan, Brazil, the Congo, Costa Rica,
Ghana, Guyana, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea,
Suriname, the United Republic of Tanzania and Viet Nam. This sector covers key activities
such as reforestation, forest fire prevention, social forestry development, sustainable forest
management, development of sustainable supply chains for forest commodities, spatial
planning forestry research and some land-use activities, such as management of livestock.
Data in NCs and NDCs showed that, within this sector, needs related to reforestation are the
largest needs expressed in financial terms.
28. On the basis of the number of adaptation-related needs expressed across the nine
national report types, agriculture and water are the two lead sectors for climate change